- Mediating Role of Empowerment in the Relations to Job and Organizational Factors, and Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment: Empirical Evidence from National University Hospital Employees.
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Bang Seob Yoon, Hae Jong Lee
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J Prev Med Public Health. 2005;38(3):315-324.
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- OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to examined the mediating role of empowerment in relations to job and organizational factors, and job satisfaction and organizational commitment in hospital organizations. METHODS: Job variety, clarity, significance, and fitness were examined as the job factors, and security, reward justice, and organizational support as the organizational factors. Data were collected from 8 national university hospitals with 1, 289 data points used for the final analysis. RESULTS: All the job factors were found to positively influence empowerment, as were all the organizational factors, with the exception of reward justice. As hypothesiz -ed, empowerment had significant effects on both job satisfaction and organizational commitment, and was the most influential variable of all those examined. CONCLUSIONS: In the relations to job satisfaction, empowerment completely mediated job significance, security and organizational support, and partially mediated all other variables, with the exception of reward justice. In the relations to organizational commitment, empowerment completely mediated job variety and job fitness, and partially mediated all other variables, with the exception of reward justice. The theoretical and practical implications of these results have been discussed.
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- A Discussion on the Public Acceptance for Private For-profit Hospitals.
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Hae Jong Lee
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J Prev Med Public Health. 2004;37(2):99-103.
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- No abstract available.
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- Economic analysis of order communication system for hospitals.
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Young Moon Chae, Hae Jong Lee, Chang Rae Park
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Korean J Prev Med. 1991;24(4):473-484.
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- Hospitals have been very susceptable to changes in external environment. Accordingly, they have been experiencing great financial difficulty due to low insurance rates and increasing competition. As a remedy, hospitals have attempted to use computer in a strategic manner. Such system is called strategic information system (SIS) , and order communication system (OCS) is an example of SIS in hospital setting. While OCS has known to be effective in reducing waiting time for outpatients, many hospitals are reluctant to introduce this system mainly because there are no real data or methods for justifying the cost of the system. Cost-benefit analysis has been traditionally used for such purpose, but this method deals with limited portion of benefits and therefore not very useful for analyzing the economic feasibility of SIS. In this paper, information economics tools which expand cost with value was used to analyze the economic feasibility of OCS. To assist the analysis, financial simulation model was developed using simulation package, called IFPS (Interactive Financial Planning System).
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- A Development and Application of Decision Support System for Cost Analysis.
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Young Moon Chae, Hae Jong Lee, Chang Rae Park, Jee Sun Jeong
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Korean J Prev Med. 1990;23(1):65-76.
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- Hospitals are experiencing an increasing amount of financial difficulty due to government control of hospital rates since national health insurance has been implemented. The decision support system(DSS) was developed to provide cost and revenue information for the services rendered by each department in an effect to reduce costs. This information may be used to identify the causes of financial loss if cost exceeds revenue and to conduct variance analysis or portfolio analysis to improve financial situation of hospitals. The DSS was developed using a micro-mainframe interface approach where the mainframe computer collects and summarizes daily cost and revenue data and the micro computer computes the cost for each department. The significances of this paper are to determine the cost allocation basis and methods which are suitable to Korean situation and to apply DSS technology to the cost analysis.
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- Economic Benefits of Implementing National Health Insurance by Measurement of Changes in the Consumer's Surplus.
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Han Joong Kim, Hae Jong Lee
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Korean J Prev Med. 1989;22(3):398-405.
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- A change in the consumer's surplus was measured in order to evaluate the social benefit to be derived from expanding health insurance to the entire population. The most refined and correct way to measure a project's net benefit to society is to determine a change in the consumer's surplus. Benefits from introducing the health insurance program to the uninsured people can be classified into two elements. The first is the pricing-down effect(E1) which results from applying the insurance price system, which is lower than the actual price, to the uninsured patients. The second effect(E2) is a decrease in actual payment because an insured patient pays only a portion of the total medical bill(copayment). We collected medical price information from the data banks of 93 hospitals, and obtained information of medical utilization by referring to the results of other research and from data published by the Korean Medical Insurance Societies. The total net benefit was estimated as won214 billion, comprising the first effect(E1) of won57 billion and the second effect(E2) of won157 billion. The price elasticity of physician visits is less than that of hospital admissions; however, benefits from the increase in physician visits are greater than those from hospital admissions because there are considerably more of physician visits than hospital admissions. The sensitivity analysis also shows the conclusion that expansion of the health insurance program to the entire population would result in a positive net benefit. Therefore, we conclude that the National Health Insurance Program is socially desirable.
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- An Evaluation of a Patient Referral System using Intervention Analysis.
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Woo Hyun Cho, Hae Jong Lee, Myongsei Sohn, Chung Mo Nam, Seung Hum Yu
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Korean J Prev Med. 1989;22(2):236-241.
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- The purpose of this study was to introduce the methodology of intervention analysis with time series data and to investigate the influence of the patient referral system on medical care utilization in Kangwha county. The data were obtained at the Kangwha Medical Insurance Society and we analysed the material based on the outpatient care fee. The results were as follows: 1. The average outpatient care utilization in the hospital decreased by 41.7% due to the patient referral system. 2. The utilization of the health institution increased by 278.8 persons per month due to the patient referral system. 3. The patient referral system did not influence the total outpatient care utilization. The methodology of intervention analysis, which detected the effect of intervention, will be helpful to the study of public health area.
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- Periodic Health Examination.
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Seung Hum Yu, Jae Hoon Roh, Hae Jong Lee, Sang Hyuk Jung
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Korean J Prev Med. 1989;22(1):45-50.
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- The purpose of this study was to select the manageable diseases which are prevalent in Korea for periodic health examinations and to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of periodic health examination in detecting these diseases. The data was derived from reimbursement data of the Korea Medical Insurance Corporation over a two year period (April 15, 1986 to April 14, 1988) and interviews with Yonsei Medical School professors. This study demonstrated that: 1. The manageable diseases which were selected for periodic health examinations are pulmonary tuberculosis, viral hepatitis, diabetes mellitus, syphilis groups, essential hypertension, renal disease groups, and iron deficiency anemia. 2. The sensitivity of the health screening for each disease was as follows: pulmonary tuberculosis 51.5%, viral hepatitis 60.3%, diabetes mellitus 64.7%, syphilis groups 63.3%, essential hypertension 49.9%, renal disease groups 44.0%, and iron deficiency anemia 80.9%. We conclude that peiodic health esaminations should focus on the manageable diseases that we have defined. The number of items in periodic health screening tests and hospital quality control should be increased for the diseases with a demonstrated low sensitivity.
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- A Study on the Ratio Analysis as a Tool for Evaluating Financial Performance.
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Young Moon Chae, Jung Hyun Yun, Hae Jong Lee
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Korean J Prev Med. 1986;19(2):213-223.
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- Ratio analysis allows a hospital to evaluate its own performance over time and to compare its performance with that of other hospitals. For this study, three types of ratio analysis were conducted based on some data on hospitals in Massachusetts. First, Key ratios influencing financial performance were identified using discriminant analysis. Second, the financial structures of the teaching and the non-teaching hospitals were compared using ratios and multiple comparison method. Third, the effects of the prospective reimbursement law of the state on financial performance were examined using ratios and paired t-test. The purpose of the law is to reduce hospital costs by setting the revenue ceiling prior to the effective budget year. The findings of this study were as follows: 1) When hospitals were divided into three groups, according to their operating income, only profitability ratios showed a consistent difference among the groups. 2) In the discriminant analysis, five ratios were selected: current ratio, operating margin, return on assets, fixed assets turnover, and inventory turnover. They are the key ratios to be monitored periodically for the purpose of evaluating the financial performance of hospitals. 3) When teaching hospitals were compared with non-teaching hospitals, acid ratio, days of cash on hand, and inventory turnover were statistically significant before the law went into effect, whereas only fixed assets turnover and inventory turnover were significant afterward. Contrary to previous studies, profitability ratios of teaching hospitals were higher than those of non-teaching hospitals, although the differences were not statistically significant. 4) When the ratios between the two periods (before and after the law) were compared, three profitability ratios (operating margin, return on assets, and return on equity) were significant for teaching hospitals, whereas three activity ratios (total assets turnover, fixed assets turnover, current assets turnover) were significant for non-teaching hospitals. Furthermore, while both total operating revenue and expenses were decreased, net operating income was increased, due to a greater decrease in total operating expenses. This shows that the law can indeed, simultaneously, achieve both a reduction in costs as well as improvement in the financial situation of hospitals.
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